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Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg

Zude ZHOU, Desheng JIANG, Quan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 5-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0011-3

摘要： This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBGS) mechanical equipment operation safety embedded technology high-speed demodulation digital monitoring health diagnosis

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机电装备的失效分析、安全评定和无损检测

钟群鹏,武淮生,张峥,田永江

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 43-48

摘要：

从认识论的高度阐明失效、失效分析和预防在人类科学技术发展中的属性、地位和作用。失效分析和预防具有多学科交叉综合的属性，它的发展依赖于应用学科、应用基础学科、甚至于基础学科的发展，但又对它们的发展起重要反转作用和影响。因此，它是科学技术第一生产力中最积极、最活跃的因素之一。从方法论的角度进一步叙述了失效分析与失效预防之间的辩证关系。失效分析是一种事后的逆向思维过程，它是从异常现象（结果）到因素（模式、原因和机理）的反向科技探索，而失效预防（安全评定）则是从因素到结果的一种事先的正向思维过程。逆向思维与正向思维协同并用，事后分析转化为事先分析，构成科学技术研究活动和科技发展的全过程，两者不可偏废。综述了失效分析和失效预防（安全评定）的主要内容、技术、方法和它们的发展趋势，并提出它们与无损检测技术之间的关系。

关键词：机电装备失效分析安全评定无损检测

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基于机械诊断信息的设备运行可靠性研究

何正嘉,蔡改改,申中杰,曹宏瑞,李兵

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 9-14

摘要：

针对传统可靠性分析方法必须依赖大样本统计数据、利用概率统计求解设备可靠性的不足，提出两种利用运行状态信息实现小样本条件下设备运行可靠性评估的方法：基于归一化小波信息熵的可靠性评估和基于损伤定量识别的可靠性评估。基于归一化小波信息熵的可靠性评估对设备运行过程中的振动信号采用第二代小波包进行分解与重构，获得多个分解频带信号，计算分解频带信号的相对能量和归一化信息熵，根据归一化信息熵获取反映设备运行状态可靠性的重要指标——可靠度；基于损伤定量识别的可靠性评估定义了新的运行可靠性评价指标——隶属可靠度，在故障定量诊断的基础上，建立了损伤程度与运行可靠性评价指标之间的联系。在制氧压缩机运行可靠性评估和机车轮对轴承运行可靠性评估的成功应用，表明所提出的方法合理、有效，为机械设备实现缺乏大样本、非概率统计模型的可靠性评估提供了新理论与新技术。

关键词：机械设备运行可靠性归一化信息熵隶属可靠度

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A bionic approach for the mechanical and electrical decoupling of an MEMS capacitive sensor in ultralow

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0747-1

摘要： Capacitive sensors are efficient tools for biophysical force measurement, which is essential for the exploration of cellular behavior. However, attention has been rarely given on the influences of external mechanical and internal electrical interferences on capacitive sensors. In this work, a bionic swallow structure design norm was developed for mechanical decoupling, and the influences of structural parameters on mechanical behavior were fully analyzed and optimized. A bionic feather comb distribution strategy and a portable readout circuit were proposed for eliminating electrostatic interferences. Electrostatic instability was evaluated, and electrostatic decoupling performance was verified on the basis of a novel measurement method utilizing four complementary comb arrays and application-specific integrated circuit readouts. An electrostatic pulling experiment showed that the bionic swallow structure hardly moved by 0.770 nm, and the measurement error was less than 0.009% for the area-variant sensor and 1.118% for the gap-variant sensor, which can be easily compensated in readouts. The proposed sensor also exhibited high resistance against electrostatic rotation, and the resulting measurement error dropped below 0.751%. The rotation interferences were less than 0.330 nm and (1.829 × 10⁻⁷)°, which were 35 times smaller than those of the traditional differential one. Based on the proposed bionic decoupling method, the fabricated sensor exhibited overwhelming capacitive sensitivity values of 7.078 and 1.473 pF/µm for gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, which were the highest among the current devices. High immunity to mechanical disturbances was maintained simultaneously, i.e., less than 0.369% and 0.058% of the sensor outputs for the gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, indicating its great performance improvements over existing devices and feasibility in ultralow biomedical force measurement.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system capacitive sensor bionics operation instability mechanical and electrical decoupling biomedical force measurement

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Optimal Timing and Recycling Operation Mode for Electro-Mechanical Products Active Remanufacturing

Wang Gao,Tao Li,Shi-tong Peng,Liang Wang,Hong-chao Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 115-122 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016019

摘要： The uncertainties of remanufactured products in multi-life cycle service, such as injury and restoration process route, are comprehensively analyzed in the present study from perspectives of cost and the environment. Based on life cycle assessment method and the life cycle cost analysis, the optimal timing model of active remanufacturing for electro-mechanical products is established considering these uncertainties. In addition, regarding the active remanufacturing as its guidance, this study explores the economic efficiency and corresponding operation mode of electro-mechanical products when recycling in the optimal timing. To validate the optimal timing model for electro-mechanical products active remanufacturing, a specific type of product is taken as a case study with mathematical statistics method and Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： electro-mechanical products active remanufacturing optimal timing reverse logistics recycling mode

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Evaluation of computer vision techniques for automated hardhat detection in indoor construction safety

Bahaa Eddine MNEYMNEH, Mohamad ABBAS, Hiam KHOURY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018071

摘要： Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards. However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers. Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats. Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately, precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.

关键词： construction safety personal protective equipment hardhat computer vision

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A feasibility study on the design and walking operation of a biped locomotor via dynamic simulation

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第2期页码 144-158 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0391-0

摘要：

A feasibility study on the mechanical design and walking operation of a Cassino biped locomotor is presented in this paper. The biped locomotor consists of two identical 3 degrees-of-freedom tripod leg mechanisms with a parallel manipulator architecture. Planning of the biped walking gait is performed by coordinating the motions of the two leg mechanisms and waist. A three-dimensional model is elaborated in SolidWorks^® environment in order to characterize a feasible mechanical design. Dynamic simulation is carried out in MSC.ADAMS^® environment with the aims of characterizing and evaluating the dynamic walking performance of the proposed design. Simulation results show that the proposed biped locomotor with proper input motions of linear actuators performs practical and feasible walking on flat surfaces with limited actuation and reaction forces between its feet and the ground. A preliminary prototype of the biped locomotor is built for the purpose of evaluating the operation performance of the biped walking gait of the proposed locomotor.

关键词： feasibility study biped locomotor biped walking mechanical design dynamic simulation tripod leg mechanism 3-UPU parallel manipulator

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重大耗能设备低碳运行智能控制方法 Article

柴天佑, 李明宇, 周正, 程思宇, 贾瑶, 吴志伟

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 84-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.018

摘要：

本文在分析重大耗能设备运行专家的运行控制行为的基础上，将机理分析与深度学习，控制与优化和预测相结合，决策与控制相集成，提出了使单吨能耗在目标范围内尽可能小的低碳运行智能控制方法。该方法由设定值控制、自优化校正、跟踪控制组成。采用工业互联网端边云协同技术，研制了低碳运行的智能控制系统，成功应用于电熔镁炉，取得减少碳排放的显著效果。

关键词：重大耗能设备低碳运行智能控制端边云协同技术

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机械产品的信息化——面向机械装备的信息技术

屈梁生,胡兆勇

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第11期页码 20-28

摘要：

机械工业是我国的传统工业，机械装备技术直接影响和制约国民经济诸多领域的发展。信息科学是一门迅速发展的前沿学科，已经渗透到国民经济的各个领域。文章从机械产品的角度出发，讨论了如何用信息技术来提升和发展传统的机械产品，提出了机械产品信息化的内涵、特点与实现的步骤；结合作者过去的一些科研实践，重点分析了机械产品信息化过程的信息融合和特征提取两个技术关键；文章最后强调了理论开拓是产品拥有自主知识产权和核心技术的前提。

关键词：信息化机械工业信息融合特征提取

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考虑时变效应的水电工程运行安全风险分析方法

张社荣,严磊

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 51-55

摘要：

针对水电工程风险因子的时变特性，用随机过程的方法模拟结构抗力与荷载作用，分析水电工程结构特性与运行方式，综合运用改进层次分析法、时变可靠度理论和风险率阈值，建立水电工程运行安全风险率评估模型。以土石坝工程为算例，详细展示时变风险率评估方法的分析流程。算例表明，工程运行安全风险率与服役时间及设计标准有着密切关系；考虑时变效应，风险率随时间推移而逐渐增大，其与设计标准的交点反映结构技术性使用寿命。应用文章提出的评估模型，预测运行期风险率变化趋势，可为水电工程的安全运行和风险决策提供科学依据。

关键词：水电工程运行安全风险分析风险率评估时变可靠度改进层次分析法

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Mechanical design, modeling, and identification for a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0691-5

摘要： This study traces the development of dexterous hand research and proposes a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous finger mechanism to improve the safety of dexterous hand in unpredictable environments, such as unstructured or man-made operational errors through comprehensive consideration of cost, accuracy, manufacturing, and application. Based on the concept of mechanical passive compliance, which is widely implemented in robots for interactions, a finger is dedicated to improving mechanical robustness. The finger mechanism not only achieves passive compliance against physical impacts, but also implements the variable stiffness actuator principle in a compact finger without adding supererogatory actuators. It achieves finger stiffness adjustability according to the biologically inspired stiffness variation principle of discarding some mobilities to adjust stiffness. The mechanical design of the finger and its stiffness adjusting methods are elaborated. The stiffness characteristics of the finger joint and the actuation unit are analyzed. Experimental results of the finger joint stiffness identification and finger impact tests under different finger stiffness presets are provided to verify the validity of the model. Fingers have been experimentally proven to be robust against physical impacts. Moreover, the experimental part verifies that fingers have good power, grasping, and manipulation performance.

关键词： multifingered hand mechanism design robot safety variable stiffness actuator

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我国深海矿产资源开发装备研发现状与展望

杨建民,刘磊,吕海宁,林忠钦

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 1-9 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.001

摘要：

浩瀚的大洋底部蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源，其种类多、储量大、品位高，具有巨大的开发利用前景，世界各国都在加快深海矿产资源开发装备的研制。本文系统分析了国内外深海矿产资源开发技术装备的发展现状，从基础科学问题研究、关键技术研发、海上试验验证等角度剖析我国技术装备存在的不足，总结归纳亟待解决的关键科学技术问题，并据此提出深海采矿重载作业装备、矿石输送装备、水面支持装备的发展方向。研究提出深海矿产资源开发秉持重装、协同、智能、绿色的发展理念，加速推进核心技术创新和装备自主研发；建议开展深海多金属结核开采示范工程建设，加快推动深海矿产资源开发关键技术装备研发，实现规模化海上试采，并着眼长期生产作业开展系统设计，促进商业化开采进程。

关键词：海底矿产，深海采矿，深海重载作业装备，矿石输送装备，水面支持装备

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我国核安全技术发展战略研究

彭述明,夏佳文,王毅韧,彭现科,黄洪文,郑春,丁文杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 113-119 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.017

摘要：

核安全是国家安全体系的重要组成部分，是发展核事业的前提、基础和生命线。先进可靠的核安全技术是保持并提高本质安全的基石，开展核安全技术战略研究对于建设核科技强国意义重大。本文采用“总 – 分 – 凝 – 综”的思路，通过院士访谈、实地调研、会议研讨、资料调研等多种途径，对我国核安全技术体系展开深入研究。结果表明：在总体国家安全观和核安全观的指引下，近年来我国核安全技术进展明显，核安全业绩良好；但也面临核安全标准体系建设有待深化、核安全软件研发统筹不足、核安全高精尖装备受制于人等瓶颈问题。为持续推进核安全治理体系与治理能力现代化，实现核大国向核强国的历史性跨越，建议进一步完善核安全标准体系；统筹资源、集中攻关，推进自主化核安全软件高质量发展；强化“政、产、学、研、用”结合，解决高端核安全装备“卡脖子”问题。

关键词：核安全技术标准体系核安全软件核安全装备

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三峡工程建设与运行期建筑物安全监测资料分析

杨爱明,段国学,马能武

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 117-122

摘要：

以三峡工程17年的安全监测资料为依据，论述了各主要建筑物在施工建设及运行期变形、渗流渗压及应力应变的变化规律，细致分析和评价了各建筑物在不同施工阶段、不同环境状态下的运行状态及安全特征。监测结果表明：在分期蓄水及运行阶段，库水位的反复消长对大坝的变形有一定的影响；大坝基础的渗漏量在逐渐减少；高强度的开挖卸荷对岩石高边坡的变形影响明显；开挖结束后，高边坡变形快速收敛，船闸建筑物的变形较小，高耸建筑物及船闸建筑物表现出了明显的随温度变化的规律。得出了三峡工程各项安全指标在设计允许范围内建筑物运行安全等重要结论。

关键词：三峡工程建筑物安全监测资料分析